Resumes and Cover Letters
Resumes and cover letters are essential components to any job application. Employers will likely ask for these documents when you are applying for internships and full time jobs. You may also need these documents for other uses, such as graduate school or scholarship applications.
Resumes
A resume is a document that succinctly summarizes your relevant education, skills, and experiences to communicate your qualifications to a potential employer. While there are many different types of resumes, the main goal of a resume in the job search is for it to get you an interview with the company. It’s not uncommon for a resume to be the first impression you make on a company, so you want to make it count.
Cover Letters
A cover letter is a document that further explains why you are qualified for the specific role you are applying for. Like a resume, a cover letter will also emphasize the skills and experiences that make you qualified for the role you are applying for. However, unlike a resume, a cover letter provides the opportunity for you to share why you are interested in the exact role that you are applying for, as well as why you are interested in that particular company. You can also explicitly talk about why you would be a good fit for that organization in a cover letter. The information a hiring manager learns from a cover letter may be the determining factor as to which applicant will receive an interview!
Types of Resumes
Core Resume
While the resume that you utilize for networking purposes and for applying to jobs should be one page, you will likely collect many different experiences or projects over time that can make the document longer than one page. We recommend creating a core resume, which serves as a working document where you can store information on all of your experiences, leaving nothing out. You will not submit this document to employers, but rather pull from this resume to develop your tailored resume. This resume is not formatted to any particular job and is updated frequently.
Tailored Resume
A tailored resume, or targeted resume, includes only the experiences and information that are relevant to the job to which you are applying. This resume will be different for every job you apply to, as a result of this tailored approach. Since this resume is so specific, it will only be one page and you will be able to submit it to employers. Tailored resumes are created anytime you have a new position to apply to and can help you to navigate applicant tracking systems.
Curriculum Vitae (CV)
A CV is an in-depth document which explains your accomplishments, skills, experiences, and education in great detail. CVs are static and do not change for each position you apply to. They are most commonly used when applying to grants, fellowships, and academic positions. CVs should be updated frequently, as you add new experiences, publications, presentations, awards, and more!
Federal Resume
A federal resume is a special type of resume that is required when applying to a job with the US federal government. These resumes are more extensive than tailored resumes and have a high level of detail. Due to their specific nature, federal resumes must be formatted in a way that effectively communicates the candidates qualifications. If you’re applying to a federal job, start by using the USAJOBS resume builder to be sure you’re including all of the necessary information in your resume.
Resumes: How to get started
The following recommendations are most appropriate for Mines students entering the workforce at an entry level with limited industry experience. Please note that some of these formatting suggestions may not apply to you, based on your unique experiences. If you think you may need more tailored support, please schedule an appointment with an advisor to discuss your resume.
Keep it simple
- One page
- Single column
- Black font, white paper
Maintain consistent formatting
- 1″ – 1/2 ” margins
- 10 – 12 font size
Think about order
- While your “Education” section should be at the top, you can change the order of your other sections
- Within each section, be sure to order your experiences in reverse chronological order
Proofread
- Your resume is a sample of your work – make sure to proofread so that you can highlight your attention to detail
Represent yourself honestly
- Always share your experiences in an appropriate and accurate way
While everyone’s resume will be unique to them, most students will have the following sections on their resume:
- Header
- Education
- Skills & Strengths
Some other possible resume sections include:
- Project Experience
- Work Experience
- Relevant Experience
- Leadership Experience
- Volunteer Experience
- Extracurricular Experience
- Honors and Awards
Resumes: How to improve
It’s important to create powerful bullet points on your resume so that you can effectively communicate your skills and accomplishments to employers. When describing your experiences, the bullet point formula can be a helpful guide! The bullet point formula is:
Action Verb + Skills Used/Job Duty + Results/Purpose
Not sure how to start writing your bullet point? Check out these resources for a step-by-step guide:
As previously mentioned, creating a targeted or tailored resume can benefit a job seeker by ensuring they have communicated their skills and experiences in a way that aligns with what an organization’s job description. Tailoring a resume is one way to make sure that the applicant tracking system scanning the resume is able to determine that the candidate is qualified for the position; it also makes it easier for the person reading the resume to understand exactly how the job seeker’s experiences fulfull the employer’s requirements.
Tailor your resume by:
- Identifying keywords from the job description and use them to describe your experiences
- Reflecting on which of your qualifications align with this position and make sure to include them on your resume
Want to learn more about applicant tracking systems? Check out page 26 in The Mines Strategy for more information.
Cover Letters: HOW TO GET STARTED
Cover letters are a one page document you can send with your resume that provides additional information about skills and experiences related to the job you’re pursuing. It typically includes three to four short paragraphs.
General Format
- Header
- Paragraph 1: Why I’m Writing
- Paragraph 2: How I’m Qualified
- Paragraph 3: Why I’m Right
- Closing
Where to Begin
Step 1: Read the job description thoroughly
What are they looking for? Why do you want this job? What skills do you have that this job requires? What skills do you have that this job prefers? What are you most proud of?
Step 2: Research the company
What is the vision/mission of the company? How do you connect with the company’s focus? Why do you want to work for this company?
Step 3: Select your highlights
What are the first things you want the employer to see about why you are qualified for the role? This is your ‘greatest hits’ album.
Step 4: Select your format
Are you going to describe your experiences using bullet points or paragraphs?
Select each tab below to learn more about what should be included in a cover letter.
The header on your cover letter should match the header on your resume – that way your materials will appear cohesive. You will also want to include the date as well as the name/organization and address of the recipient. Lastly, include a salutation to address the recipient of the cover letter. Do your research to find out who the hiring manager is; if you can’t figure it out, don’t stress – a simple ‘Dear Hiring Manager’ will do.
This is your introduction paragraph. You want to include your major/degree and institution, the position you are applying to, and why you are interested in the company or role. When you talk about why you are interested, it should be about them and their company. You will have plenty of time in the rest of the cover letter to talk about you and your skill sets.
The second paragraph if your opportunity to highlight skills and abilities for the role. You want to be specific, selective, and focus these to the job description. It should not be a restatement of your entire resume, but some key highlights that will make them want to view your resume.
You can do this paragraph in two formats: either as a written paragraph or bullet points. How do you decide? Generally, when you use a bullet point format, each bullet point is a separate statement, skill or experience. If the skills you want to highlight are interconnected, you might choose to use a paragraph format. For example, maybe your cornerstone project is the best example of you using the skills necessary for the role. In a paragraph you would write about that experience, highlighting each piece that connects to the role.
Think of this paragraph as the “what else?” paragraph. This is an optional paragraph that is an opportunity to share one more things about your experiences and skills for the role.
Maybe you’ve been highly involved on-campus and they are looking for demonstrated leadership. Or, you have a special certification that is a preferred qualification for the role. This can be anything you believe the employer needs to know about you that could help you stand out for the position.
You always want to have a nice wrap up to your cover letter. You want to thank them for their time and express your excitement to speak more about the position. Conclude your cover letter as you would any letter or email – with a ‘Sincerely’ (or similar sign-off) and your signature.
TOOLS & Resources
Resumes
Creating a Powerful Bullet Point Worksheet – Use this to brainstorm your relevant skills and generate bullet points around those skills
Resume Review Checklist – Use this to help build your industry standard resume
The Mines Strategy (Pages 16 – 31) – Use this to learn more about what should go on your resume, generate action verb ideas, learn more about the bullet point formula, and see examples of different types of resumes. This includes resumes for undergraduate students, graduate students, and CV examples.
USAJOBS Resume Builder – Use this to assist you with building a federal resume to ensure it has all of the neccesary information with the appropriate level of detail.
Federal Resume Template – Use this as a federal resume template.
Cover Letters
The Mines Strategy (Pages 33 – 37) – Use this to learn more about how to format your cover letter, and see examples of different types of cover letters.